{“title”:””,”content”:”\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\n 1ď¸âŁ Indefinite Articles:
\r\n 1ď¸âŁ ááááşáážááşááąáŹ Articles:
\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n
\r\n”}
{“title”:””,”content”:”đ Articles in English Grammar
\r\nđ áĄááşášáááááşááášááŤáážá Articles ááťáŹá¸
\r\n\r\nArticles are small but important words used before nouns. They help us know whether we’re talking about something specific or general.
\r\nArticles áááş ááŹááşááťáŹá¸áážáąáˇáá˝ááş ááŻáśá¸ááąáŹ ááąá¸áááşááąáŹáşáááşá¸ áĄááąá¸ááźáŽá¸áááˇáş á ááŹá¸ááŻáśá¸ááťáŹá¸ááźá áşáááşá áááşá¸áááŻáˇáááş áá áşá áŻáśáá áşááŻáĄááźáąáŹááşá¸ ááááťá á˝áŹ áááŻáˇáááŻááş ááąááŻááťáĄáŹá¸ááźááˇáş ááźáąáŹááąááźááşá¸ ááźá áşáááşááᯠááá áąáááş áá°ááŽáááşá
\r\n\r\nđ Types of Articles
\r\nđ Articles áĄááťááŻá¸áĄá áŹá¸ááťáŹá¸
\r\n\r\n- \r\n
- Indefinite articles â a and an
ááááşáážááşááąáŹ articles â a áážááˇáş an \r\n - Definite article â the
áááşáážááşááŹá¸ááąáŹ article â the \r\n - Zero article â (no article)
Zero article â (article áááŤ) \r\n
1ď¸âŁ Indefinite Articles: a and an
\r\n 1ď¸âŁ ááááşáážááşááąáŹ Articles: a áážááˇáş an
\r\n\r\n We use a or an when:
- \r\n
- We talk about something for the first time
áá áşá áŻáśáá áşááŻáĄááźáąáŹááşá¸ áááááŻáśá¸áĄááźáááş ááźáąáŹááąáŹáĄá፠\r\n - It is not specific
ááááťáážáŻ ááážáááąáŹáĄá፠\r\n - It is one (singular, countable noun)
áá áşááŻááźá áşááąáŹáĄá፠(ááááşá¸ááááşá¸ááąáá˝ááşáááŻááşááąáŹ ááŹááş) \r\n
â Rules
\r\n| Article | Use Before | Example | Article (MM) | áĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻááááˇáşááąáᏠ| áĽááᏠ| \r\n
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | Consonant sounds | a cat, a house, a university | \r\na | ááťááşá¸ááśááťáŹá¸áážáąáˇáá˝ááş | a cat, a house, a university (\”you\” áĄááśáá˝ááş) | \r\n
| an | Vowel sounds | an apple, an hour, an honest man | \r\nan | ááááśááťáŹá¸áážáąáˇáá˝ááş | an apple, an hour, an honest man | \r\n
đ Note: Use the sound, not the letter
\r\n áážááşááťááş: á áŹááŻáśá¸ááᯠáááźááˇáşáᲠáĄááśáá˝ááşááᯠááźááˇáşááŤá
\r\n\r\n \r\n áážááşááťááş: á áŹááŻáśá¸ááᯠáááźááˇáşáᲠáĄááśáá˝ááşááᯠááźááˇáşááŤá
- \r\n
a university= âyou-niversityâ â consonant sound
âyou-niversityâ = ááťááşá¸ááś \r\n an hour= âourâ â vowel sound
âourâ = ááááś \r\n
đŹ Example Sentences
\r\n- \r\n
- I saw
a dogin the street. \r\n
đ Any dog, not specific \r\n
ááťá˝ááşááąáŹáş áááşá¸áá˛áážáŹáá˝áąá¸áá áşááąáŹááşááᯠáá˝áąáˇáá˛áˇáááşá\r\n \r\n - She ate
an orangeafter lunch. \r\n
đ \”Orange\” starts with a vowel sound \r\n
áá°ááááş ááąáˇáááşá áŹááźáŽá¸ááąáŹááşáááášááąáŹáşááŽá¸áá áşááŻáśá¸á áŹá¸áá˛áˇáááşá\r\n \r\n - He is
a Europeanman. \r\n
đ âEuropeanâ sounds like âyou-ropeanâ = consonant \r\n
áá°áááşáĽááąáŹáááŹá¸áá áşááąáŹááşááźá áşáááşá\r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n 2ď¸âŁ Definite Article:
\r\n 2ď¸âŁ áááşáážááşááŹá¸ááąáŹ Article:
\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n
\r\n”}
{“title”:””,”content”:”2ď¸âŁ Definite Article: the
\r\n 2ď¸âŁ áááşáážááşááŹá¸ááąáŹ Article: the
\r\n\r\n We use the when:
- \r\n
- The noun is specific
ááŹááşáááş ááááťáážáŻáážáááąáŹáĄá፠\r\n - Both speaker and listener know what is being talked about
ááźáąáŹáá°áážááˇáş ááŹá¸ááąáŹááşáá° áážá áşáŚá¸á ááŻáśá¸ ááááąáŹáĄá፠\r\n - The thing has been mentioned before
áááŻáĄááŹááᯠááááşá ááąáŹáşááźáá˛áˇáá°á¸ááąáŹáĄá፠\r\n - There is only one of something (unique)
áá áşááŻáááşá¸ááŹáážáááąáŹáĄáᏠ\r\n
â Use Cases
\r\n| Use âtheâ with… | \r\nExamples | \r\n\”the\” ááᯠáĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻááááˇáşááąáᏠ| \r\náĽáááŹááťáŹá¸ | \r\n
|---|---|---|---|
| Something mentioned again | \r\nI saw a bird. The bird was blue. | \r\nááááşáááąáŹáşááźáá˛áˇááąáŹ áĄáᏠ| \r\náážááşáá áşááąáŹááşááᯠáá˝áąáˇ â áááŻáážááşáááş áĄááźáŹááąáŹááş | \r\n
| Unique things | \r\nThe sun, the moon, the Earth | \r\náá áşááŻáááşá¸ááŹáážáááąáŹáĄáᏠ| \r\nááąá áá ááášááŹááźáą | \r\n
| Specific places/things | \r\nThe bank, the school, the doctor | \r\nááááťááąáŹááąááŹ/áĄáᏠ| \r\náááşá ááťáąáŹááşá¸á áááŹáááş | \r\n
| Superlatives | \r\nThe best, the tallest | \r\náĄááźááˇáşááŻáśá¸áĄáááˇáş áážááŻááşá¸áážááşáážáŻ | \r\náĄááąáŹááşá¸ááŻáśá¸á áĄááźááˇáşááŻáśá¸ | \r\n
| Rivers, oceans, deserts | \r\nThe Nile, The Pacific | \r\nááźá áşááťáŹá¸á áááŻáášáááŹá áá˛ááášááŹá | \r\náááŻááşá¸ááźá áşá áá áááááşáááŻáášááᏠ| \r\n
| Groups of islands or mountains | \r\nThe Philippines, The Alps | \r\nááťá˝ááşá¸á áŻá ááąáŹááşáááşá¸ | \r\náááá áşáááŻááşá áĄááşááşááşá áş | \r\n
đŹ Example Sentences
\r\n- \r\n
- She went to
the marketthis morning. \r\n
đ Known or familiar place \r\n
áá°ááááş áááąáˇááááşá áťáąá¸áááŻáˇ áá˝áŹá¸áá˛áˇáááşá\r\n \r\n - We watched
the movieyou told me about. \r\n
đ Specific and previously discussed \r\n
ááťá˝ááşáŻááşáááŻáˇáááş áááşááźáąáŹáá˛áˇááąáŹááŻááşáážááşááᯠááźááˇáşáá˛áˇáááşá\r\n \r\n
3ď¸âŁ Zero Article (No article)
\r\n3ď¸âŁ Zero Article (Article áááŤááźááşá¸)
\r\n\r\nWe use no article in some situations:
\r\n- \r\n
- Plural countable nouns (general) â
Dogs are friendly.\r\n - Uncountable nouns (general) â
Milk is good for health.\r\n - Names of countries/cities â
Japan, London\r\n - Languages and subjects â
English, Math\r\n - Meals â
We had breakfast at 7.\r\n - Sports â
She plays football.\r\n
â Bilingual Table
\r\n| Use with… | Example | \r\náĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻááááˇáşááąáᏠ| áĽááᏠ| \r\n
|---|---|---|---|
| Plural nouns (general) | \r\nChildren love stories. | \r\náĄááťáŹá¸ááááşá¸ááŹááş (ááąááŻááť) | \r\náááąá¸ááťáŹá¸áááş ááŻáśááźááşááťáŹá¸ááᯠááťá áşááźáááşá | \r\n
| Uncountable nouns (general) | \r\nWater is essential. | \r\nááąáá˝ááşáááááąáŹááŹááş (ááąááŻááť) | \r\nááąáááş ááážáááťážáááźá áşáááŻááşááąáŹáĄááŹáá áşááŻááźá áşáááşá | \r\n
| Languages / Subjects | \r\nShe studies English. | \r\nááŹááŹá ááŹá¸ / ááŹááŹáááş | \r\náá°ááááş áĄááşášáááááşá áŹááᯠáááşááźáŹá¸áááşá | \r\n
| Meals / Sports | \r\nWe had lunch. He plays tennis. | \r\náĄá áŹá¸áĄá Ꮰ/ áĄáŹá¸áá áŹá¸ | \r\nááťá˝ááşáŻááşáááŻáˇ ááąáˇáááşá Ꮰá áŹá¸áá˛áˇáááşá áá°áááş áááşá¸áá áşáá áŹá¸áááşá | \r\n
\r\n â Common Exceptions
\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
- \r\n
The United States,The Netherlandsâ Use âtheâ with country names containing words like âstates,â ârepublic,â etc. \r\n Mount Everest(â ),The Everest(â) â Don’t use âtheâ with single mountain names. \r\n She's in hospital(UK) = as a patientHe goes to school= as a student \r\n
\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n
\r\n”}
{“title”:””,”content”:”\r\n\r\nâ Common Mistakes to Avoid
\r\nâ áážáąáŹááşáážáŹá¸ááááˇáş áĄááźá˛ááźá áşááąáˇáážáááąáŹ Article áĄáážáŹá¸ááťáŹá¸
\r\n\r\n| â Wrong | \r\nâ Correct | \r\nWhy | \r\nááźááşááŹááŹáᏠ| \r\n
|---|---|---|---|
| I saw an university. | \r\nI saw a university. | \r\nâUniversityâ starts with a âyouâ sound (consonant). | \r\nâUniversityâ áááş âyouâ ááśááźááˇáşá áááşááąáŹááźáąáŹááˇáş âaâ ááŻáśá¸áááşá | \r\n
| She is the teacher. (new info) | \r\nShe is a teacher. | \r\nUse âaâ when mentioning the job for the first time. | \r\náĄááŻááşáĄáááŻááşááᯠáááááŻáśá¸ááąáŹáşááźááąáŹáĄá፠âaâ ááŻáśá¸ááŤá | \r\n
| I love the music. (in general) | \r\nI love music. | \r\nNo article needed for general uncountable nouns. | \r\nááąáá˝ááşáááááąáŹ ááąááŻááťááŹááşááťáŹá¸áĄáá˝ááş article ááááŻááŤá | \r\n
| He goes to the school every day. | \r\nHe goes to school every day. | \r\nUse no article for purpose of place (e.g. as a student). | \r\náĄááźáąáĄááąáĄá ááťáąáŹááşá¸áĄááźá áşááŻáśá¸ááąáŹáĄá፠article áááŻáśá¸ááŤá | \r\n
đ§ Article Rules Summary
\r\nđ§ Article á ááşá¸ááťááşá¸ áĄááťááşá¸ááťáŻááş
\r\n\r\n| Rule | \r\nExample | \r\ná ááşá¸ááťááşá¸ | \r\náĽááᏠ| \r\n
|---|---|---|---|
Use a before consonant sounds | \r\n a book, a teacher | \r\nááťááşá¸ááśáĄááźáąáŹááşá¸ááźáąáŹááąáŹáĄá፠âaâ áááŻááŻáśá¸ááŤá | \r\na book, a teacher | \r\n
Use an before vowel sounds | \r\n an hour, an idea | \r\nááááśááźááˇáşá ááąáŹá ááŹá¸ááŻáśá¸áážáąáˇáá˝ááş âanâ áááŻááŻáśá¸ááŤá | \r\nan hour, an idea | \r\n
Use the for specific/known/unique nouns | \r\n the sun, the bank | \r\nááááťááąáŹ áááŻáˇáááŻááş áá°á¸ááźáŹá¸ááąáŹ ááŹááşááťáŹá¸áĄáá˝ááş âtheâ áááŻááŻáśá¸ááŤá | \r\nthe sun, the bank | \r\n
| Use zero article for general/plural/uncountable nouns | \r\nWater is life. Cats are cute. | \r\nááąááŻááť/áĄááťáŹá¸ááááşá¸/ááąáá˝ááşáááááąáŹááŹááşááťáŹá¸áá˝ááş article áááŻáśá¸ááŤá | \r\nWater is life. Cats are cute. | \r\n
𧊠Practice Tips
\r\n𧊠ááąáˇááťááˇáşáááş áĄááźáśááźáŻááťááş
\r\n\r\nBefore choosing an article, ask yourself:
\r\n- \r\n
- â Is it something specific or general?
\r\n â ááááťáááŹá¸á ááąááŻááťááŹá¸á \r\n\r\n - â Is the noun singular or plural?
\r\n â áĄáááşá¸ááááşá¸ááŹá¸á áĄááťáŹá¸ááááşá¸ááŹá¸á \r\n\r\n - â Is it countable or uncountable?
\r\n â ááąáá˝ááşáááŻááşáááŹá¸á áááááŻááşáá°á¸ááŹá¸á \r\n
\r\n â
The more you read and listen to English, the better youâll understand articles.
\r\n â áĄááşášáááááşá áŹááᯠááťáŹá¸á á˝áŹ áááşááźááşá¸á ááŹá¸ááąáŹááşááźááşá¸ááťáŹá¸ááąá article áĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻááŻáśááᯠáááŻáááŻááŹá¸áááşáááŻááşááŤáááşá\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n â áĄááşášáááááşá áŹááᯠááťáŹá¸á á˝áŹ áááşááźááşá¸á ááŹá¸ááąáŹááşááźááşá¸ááťáŹá¸ááąá article áĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻááŻáśááᯠáááŻáááŻááŹá¸áááşáááŻááşááŤáááşá\r\n
\r\n
\r\n\r\n“}
{“title”:””,”content”:””}
đŻ Multiple Choice Questions â Articles (\”a\”, \”an\”, \”the\”, or no article)
\r\n- \r\n \r\n
- She has ___ umbrella in her bag.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: What sound does \”umbrella\” start with?\r\nâ Answer: B) an\r\n \r\n\r\n
- We visited ___ Eiffel Tower last summer.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Itâs a world-famous, unique landmark.\r\nâ Answer: B) the\r\n \r\n\r\n
- I saw ___ elephant at the zoo.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Does the noun start with a vowel sound?\r\nâ Answer: B) an\r\n \r\n\r\n
- She wants to be ___ engineer.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Think about the starting sound of âengineer.â\r\nâ Answer: A) an\r\n \r\n\r\n
- We don’t have ___ bread left.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Bread is uncountable.\r\nâ Answer: B) (no article)\r\n \r\n\r\n
- He climbed ___ Mount Everest last year.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: For single mountains, do we use âtheâ?\r\nâ Answer: B) (no article)\r\n \r\n\r\n
- Look at ___ stars in the sky!\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Are you talking about specific stars or just any?\r\nâ Answer: A) the\r\n \r\n\r\n
- I saw ___ cat and ___ dog in the garden.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Are you mentioning them for the first time?\r\nâ Answer: A) a / a\r\n \r\n\r\n
- She plays ___ piano beautifully.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Musical instruments usually take âthe.â\r\nâ Answer: B) the\r\n \r\n\r\n
- He is ___ university student.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Is the first sound a vowel or a consonant?\r\nâ Answer: B) a\r\n \r\n\r\n
- They went to ___ school at 8 AM.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Are they students? Or are we talking about a building?\r\nâ Answer: A) (no article)\r\n \r\n\r\n
- We spent the weekend at ___ beach.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Is it a specific beach that both people know about?\r\nâ Answer: A) the\r\n \r\n\r\n
- I need ___ hour to finish this test.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: The âhâ is silentâlisten to the sound.\r\nâ Answer: B) an\r\n \r\n\r\n
- I had ___ banana and ___ apple for breakfast.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Think of the vowel sound in âapple.â\r\nâ Answer: B) a / an\r\n \r\n\r\n
- We saw ___ moon rise over the mountains.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Is there more than one moon in the sky?\r\nâ Answer: A) the\r\n \r\n\r\n
- My brother is ___ honest man.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: âHonestâ starts with a silent âhâ (vowel sound).\r\nâ Answer: A) an\r\n \r\n\r\n
- ___ life is full of surprises.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Are we talking generally or specifically about life?\r\nâ Answer: A) The\r\n \r\n\r\n
- She took ___ taxi to the airport.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Are we talking about any taxi or a specific one?\r\nâ Answer: A) a\r\n \r\n\r\n
- I always drink ___ coffee in the morning.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: âCoffeeâ is uncountable when general.\r\nâ Answer: B) (no article)\r\n \r\n\r\n
- He wants to visit ___ United States one day.\r\n \r\n \r\n Hint: Country name includes âStates.â\r\nâ Answer: A) the\r\n \r\n