🌦️ Modal Verbs for Expressing Possibility: Will, Can, May, Could, Might
These modal verbs are commonly used to express how certain or possible something is. Each modal shows a different level of certainty or possibility. Below is a detailed explanation of each, ordered from most certain to least certain.
🔢 Ordered by Certainty
- Will – 100% (Certain)
- Can – 70–90% (Generally Possible / Realistic)
- May – 50–70% (Neutral Possibility)
- Could – 40–60% (Less Likely / Hypothetical)
- Might – 20–40% (Least Likely)
✅ 1. WILL – 100% Certain
"Will" is used to express something that is certain or strongly expected to happen.
- Example: She will pass the test. (certainty)
- Example: It will rain tomorrow. (forecast prediction)
✅ 2. CAN – Strong Possibility / Ability
"Can" shows that something is possible in general, or that someone has the ability to do it. It is not about a specific prediction, but about general or realistic possibilities.
- Example: Fires can spread quickly in dry forests. (general possibility)
- Example: She can speak four languages. (ability)
✅ 3. MAY – Medium Possibility (50%–70%)
"May" is used when something is possible but not certain. It is more formal and neutral than "might."
- Example: They may arrive later today.
- Example: I may go to the concert if I finish work early.
✅ 4. COULD – Less Certain Possibility (40%–60%)
"Could" implies a hypothetical or less certain possibility, especially when considering different options or outcomes.
- Example: She could be at the café, or she could be at home.
- Example: This strategy could work if we adjust it.
✅ 5. MIGHT – Weak Possibility (20%–40%)
"Might" expresses the weakest degree of possibility. It is often used for suggestions, doubts, or low-probability events.
- Example: He might come to the party, but I’m not sure.
- Example: I might apply for that job, but I haven’t decided yet.
📊 Summary Table of Possibility
| Modal | Certainty (%) | Typical Use | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Will | 100% | Certain prediction or fact | She will pass the test. |
| Can | 70–90% | General possibility or ability | It can be very hot in July. |
| May | 50–70% | Neutral possibility | He may join us later. |
| Could | 40–60% | Hypothetical possibility | We could try a different approach. |
| Might | 20–40% | Low probability | She might visit us next week. |
📝 Notes
- All these modals are followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., go, do, be).
- They do not add -s for third person singular.
- They are used in both spoken and written English to express probability or possibility.