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Parallel Structure

🔗 Parallel Structure in Thesis Statements and Topic Sentences

Parallel structure (also called parallelism) means using the same grammatical form for two or more elements in a sentence. It improves clarity, rhythm, and organization—especially in thesis statements and topic sentences.

📌 Why Is Parallel Structure Important?

  • Clarity and Predictability: A parallel thesis outlines your essay structure clearly.
  • Improved Flow: Balanced sentence rhythm makes the writing sound fluent and academic.
  • Stronger Argumentation: Each parallel idea becomes a strong supporting point.

📝 Example (Clear Parallel Thesis):

"This essay will examine the causes of climate change, the effects on the environment, and the possible solutions."

❌ Non-Parallel Version:

"This essay will explore climate change, what happens because of it, and how we can fix the problem."

📚 How It Helps in Essays and Paragraphs

Benefit Explanation
Organizes Ideas Helps outline essay or paragraph structure with clarity.
Aids Coherence Connects ideas logically and consistently.
Guides the Reader Signals what points will be discussed and in what order.
Improves Style Gives writing a polished, academic tone.

🛠️ Useful Patterns for Thesis or Topic Sentences

  • "The reasons are X, Y, and Z."
  • "This essay will examine ___, ___, and ___."
  • "The main goals are to ___, to ___, and to ___."
  • "Our study focused on ___, ___, and ___."

💡 Tip:

If your list has mixed forms (noun, verb, clause), revise it so that all elements follow the same grammatical pattern. That’s how you achieve parallelism.

Practice on Parallel Structure 1

🔹 Practice (Interactive)

1. Check (✓) the sentences that have parallel structure.

  1. She enjoys editing videos and ___.



  2. Cyber attackers are ___.



  3. The number of online scams is increasing and ___.


2. Match each sentence beginning (1–7) with the correct sentence ending (a–g)

Type the correct letter (a–g) into the blank next to each sentence:

  1. Online safety is important,
  2. Cyber bullying happens often
  3. We attended a seminar to gain knowledge,
  4. Criminals use fake websites
  5. I learned to avoid scams by reading articles,
  6. Many hackers break passwords
  7. Cyber threats can harm companies,

Endings:
a. and a growing concern among teenagers.
b. that spread viruses and that steal identities.
c. to gather personal details and to send viruses.
d. and a key topic in digital education.
e. by practicing online quizzes and by watching tutorials.
f. by using software, and by guessing login details.
g. and disrupt digital services.

🔹 C. Practice – Set 2 (Interactive)

1. Check (✓) whether each sentence has parallel structure.

Sentence Parallel Not Parallel
1. These apps are fast, simple, and fun to use.
2. These apps are downloaded quickly, available in stores, and are useful.
3. Cyber criminals send threats, leak personal data, and stealing identities.
4. Cyber criminals can be dishonest, dangerous, and secretive.
5. Some websites collect user data, track activities, and store information.
6. The program blocks pop-ups, can scan emails, and deleting junk messages.
7. To improve your privacy, use encryption tools and with strong passwords.
8. I protect my account by enabling 2FA and by updating my software.
9. They want to promote awareness and to reduce online threats.

2. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.

  1. The app can organize files, clean storage, .

  2. They offer training to students, to teachers, .

  3. Cyber security is essential, helpful, .

  4. The policy explains how to protect passwords, manage settings, .

  5. She learns by reading guides, .
Parallel Structure Quiz

📝 Skill Quiz – Parallel Structure (Set 2)

  1. Parallel structure means matching parts of a sentence in:



  2. Parallel structure can occur in lists of:



  3. Online learning is flexible, affordable, and ___:



  4. Hackers try to guess passwords, open private files, and ___:



  5. Phishing e-mails are tricky, misleading, and ___:



  6. The school teaches students to write essays, deliver speeches, and ___:



  7. Choose the sentence with parallel structure:



  8. Choose the sentence with parallel structure:



  9. Choose the sentence with parallel structure:



  10. Choose the sentence with parallel structure: