Adjective-Forming Suffixes

Adjective-forming suffixes are added to nouns and verbs to create adjectives that describe qualities, characteristics, or conditions. Here are some of the most common suffixes with explanations and examples.


1. -able / -ible (Capable of, Worthy of)

This suffix is used to form adjectives from verbs, indicating that something can be done.

Root Word (Verb/Noun)AdjectiveMeaning (Burmese)
acceptacceptableလက်ခံနိုင်သော
believebelievableယုံနိုင်သော
breakbreakableကျိုးနိုင်သော
dependdependableအားထားနိုင်သော
eatedibleစားနိုင်သော
enjoyenjoyableပျော်စရာကောင်းသော
flexflexibleယိမ်းနိုင်သော
accessaccessibleဝင်ရောက်နိုင်သော
responseresponsibleတာဝန်ယူနိုင်သော
convertconvertibleပြောင်းလဲနိုင်သော

Note:

  • "-able" is more common and is usually used when the root word is complete (e.g., "enjoy" → "enjoyable").
  • "-ible" is used when the root word is Latin-based or cannot stand alone (e.g., "convert" → "convertible").

2. -al (Related to, Pertaining to)

This suffix is used to form adjectives that describe something related to a noun.

Root Word (Noun)AdjectiveMeaning (Burmese)
accidentaccidentalတမင်မမှန်သော
environmentenvironmentalပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိုင်ရာ
industryindustrialစက်မှုဆိုင်ရာ
naturenaturalသဘာဝဆန်သော
politicspoliticalနိုင်ငံရေးဆိုင်ရာ
universeuniversalစကြဝဠာဆိုင်ရာ

3. -ful (Full of, Having)

This suffix means "having a lot of" the quality of the noun.

Root Word (Noun)AdjectiveMeaning (Burmese)
beautybeautifulလှပသော
carecarefulသတိထားသော
powerpowerfulအားရှိသော
joyjoyfulဝမ်းမြောက်သော
successsuccessfulအောင်မြင်သော
wonderwonderfulအံ့ဩစရာကောင်းသော

Opposite Suffix:

  • The opposite of "-ful" is often "-less" (e.g., "careful" → "careless").

4. -less (Without, Lacking)

This suffix gives a negative meaning, indicating the absence of something.

Root Word (Noun)AdjectiveMeaning (Burmese)
carecarelessသတိမထားသော
helphelplessအကူအညီမရှိသော
useuselessအသုံးမဝင်သော
homehomelessအိမ်မဲ့သော
hopehopelessမျှော်လင့်စရာမရှိသော
worthworthlessတန်ဖိုးမရှိသော

5. -ic (Related to, Characterized by)

This suffix is commonly used for adjectives that relate to a subject, field, or characteristic.

Root Word (Noun)AdjectiveMeaning (Burmese)
artistartisticအနုပညာဆန်သော
heroheroicသူရဲကောင်းဆန်သော
energyenergeticစွမ်းအားပြည့်သော
historyhistoricသမိုင်းဝင်သော
athleteathleticအားကစားဆိုင်ရာ

"-ic" vs. "-ical" Difference:

  • "Historic" = important in history (e.g., historic event).
  • "Historical" = related to history in general (e.g., historical records).

6. -ive (Tending to, Inclined to)

This suffix forms adjectives that describe actions or tendencies.

Root Word (Verb/Noun)AdjectiveMeaning (Burmese)
attractattractiveဆွဲဆောင်မှုရှိသော
createcreativeဖန်တီးနိုင်သော
actactiveတက်ကြွသော
talktalkativeစကားများသော
expenseexpensiveဈေးကြီးသော

7. -ous (Full of, Characterized by)

This suffix is used to form adjectives that describe something as having a certain quality.

Root Word (Noun)AdjectiveMeaning (Burmese)
dangerdangerousအန္တရာယ်ရှိသော
famefamousနာမည်ကြီးသော
mysterymysteriousအထူးဆန်းသော
couragecourageousရဲရဲတင်းတင်းရှိသော
humorhumorousရယ်စရာကောင်းသော

"-ous" vs. "-ful":

  • "Dangerous" (full of danger) vs. "Beautiful" (full of beauty).

8. -ly (In a Certain Manner)

Though "-ly" is mainly used for adverbs, some adjectives also take this suffix.

Root Word (Noun)AdjectiveMeaning (Burmese)
friendfriendlyမိတ်ဆွေသဘောထားရှိသော
timetimelyအချိန်မှန်သော
mothermotherlyမိခင်ကဲ့သို့သော
lovelovelyချစ်စရာကောင်းသော
cowardcowardlyကြောက်လန့်သော

9. -en (Made of, Become)

This suffix forms adjectives from nouns and verbs, indicating material or transformation.

Root Word (Noun/Verb)AdjectiveMeaning (Burmese)
woodwoodenသစ်သားဖြင့်ပြုလုပ်သော
goldgoldenရွှေရောင်သော
childchildenကလေးပုံစံရှိသော
weakweakenအားနည်းသော

10. -ish (Like, Similar to)

This suffix means "having the quality of" or "somewhat like."

Root Word (Noun)AdjectiveMeaning (Burmese)
childchildishကလေးလိုသော
foolfoolishမိုက်မဲသော
selfselfishကိုယ်ကျိုးစီးပွားကျသော
greengreenishအစိမ်းရောင်ပျော့သော

Summary Table of Suffixes

SuffixMeaningExample
-able/-iblecapable ofreadable, visible
-alrelated tonatural, environmental
-fulfull ofjoyful, helpful
-lesswithouthopeless, careless
-icrelated tohistoric, artistic
-ivetendency toactive, creative
-ousfull ofdangerous, famous
-lycharacteristic offriendly, cowardly
-enmade ofgolden, wooden
-ishlikechildish, foolish
Adjective-Forming Suffixes Quiz

Complete the sentences with the correct adjective-forming suffix

The (child) behavior of the students annoyed the teacher. childish
He is a very (create) person and always comes up with new ideas. creative
She wore a (gold) necklace to the party. golden
The journey was long and (danger). dangerous
He is very (friend) and helps everyone. friendly
The hotel was very (comfort) and well-designed. comfortable
She was very (care) when carrying the fragile vase. careful
His (fame) spread across the whole country. famous
That was a (fool) decision; you should think before acting. foolish
The book was (inform) and helped me understand the topic. informative

Choose the Correct Adjective

Choose the Correct Adjective

She gave me some ______________ advice.

a) use
b) useful
c) useable
Correct Answer: useful

The ______________ event was attended by many politicians.

a) history
b) historic
c) historical
Correct Answer: historic

His voice was ______________ after talking for hours.

a) weaken
b) weak
c) weakly
Correct Answer: weak

He has a ______________ attitude toward learning new things.

a) positive
b) positivity
c) positiveness
Correct Answer: positive

Her ______________ skills helped her win the contest.

a) artist
b) artistry
c) artistic
Correct Answer: artistic

Word Formation Table - Adjectives

Complete the Table - Word Formation

Write the correct adjective form for each noun or verb.

Noun/Verb Adjective Correct Answer
comfort comfortable
danger dangerous
history historical
energy energetic
attract attractive
enjoy enjoyable
friend friendly
fame famous
fool foolish
success successful

Sentence Completion - Adjective Formation

Sentence Completion - Use the Correct Adjective

Use the correct adjective form of the word in brackets to complete the sentences.

The speech was very (inspire). inspiring
The weather is too (change), so bring an umbrella. changeable
He gave me a (help) piece of advice. helpful
That old building is (history). historical
The audience was (energy) and cheered loudly. energetic
He took a (risk) decision and started his own business. risky
The teacher gave a (logic) explanation. logical
His (fame) work made him well-known. famous
She is (hope) that things will improve. hopeful
The boy had a (fool) smile on his face. foolish